Journal of the Plague Year Essay Topics

Journal of the Plague Year Essay TopicsAre you wanting to write a journal of the plague year essay topics? It can be tough, but if you are motivated and you have something to say, it is not so hard. Let's start off by defining what a journal of the plague year is exactly. It is a journal or diary that can be used for the year in which a person will be writing their story.This is a great way to start your journal of the plague year essay topics because you can also use it as a way to avoid some of the pitfalls that other people may have. For example, you can ask yourself questions about what you expect the end result to be when writing the essay. Are you going to spend the whole year in the same place and trying to make friends with everyone?Or are you more interested in starting a new life and changing the course of a year? It is a chance to write about your ideas in a way that is unique to your experience and current circumstances. If you aren't sure what your own personal goals are going to be, you can draw your own conclusions and what comes out of that will be a topic of your own journal of the plague year essay topics.You can also consider the fact that you can actually take the whole year and expand on each week or month, depending on how many years you want to go. It will all depend on how creative you want to get and what you would like to include in each year. You can even start a new story in each year, which will give you something to keep track of and write about as well.Of course, you have to have someone to help you write the essays with, especially if you are writing with a group. If you don't have someone, you might want to think about hiring someone to write the essays for you. It won't cost you anything, but you could always get an expert to write them for you. Of course, these days, that's easier than ever before.There are many reasons to want to write a journal of the plague year essay topics. It can be fun and creative, and you can even ext end the theme all the way to the end of the year. Many people have actually put together stories about years where they were away from home for longer than they planned.The best part is that you can always tell the story to your loved ones who will find it a great story. You will be able to celebrate each year with them, and will never feel as though you are missing out on anything, because you will be able to see them every single day. That is a very comforting thought and if you haven't written about this type of experience before, you should do it soon.Writing journal of the plague year essay topics is not hard to do, but you will need to work hard at it. It will take a lot of planning and at least a couple of drafts to get it right. However, it is one of the more creative ways to write and can actually turn into a very creative and exciting pastime.

Essay Research Topics on Learning a New Language

Essay Research Topics on Learning a New LanguageIt is often difficult to determine the best essay topics on learning a new language because there are so many in the marketplace. So, in order to find a subject that you will enjoy writing about, make sure that you will spend the time choosing a topic that will motivate you. Consider some of the points below as you search for the topic.Don't write about subjects that you know very little about. An example of this would be writing about a different culture. This means that you should research and learn a little about the culture before you begin to write about it. Once you know what it is that you are writing about, then you can move forward to writing it.Research the best resources in your area that you will use. For example, if you live in an area that has a large Italian community, then you may want to research what the places like restaurants and events are in your area. If you are living in an area that has very few Italian people, then you should research the areas that have Italian people.To develop your argumentative essay research topics on learning a new language, be sure that you include interesting facts and figures that you have learned about the topic. Many times people will focus on the fact that someone once spoke a certain language, but what they will remember is the tone of voice, accent, and most importantly, the way in which the speaker was speaking. By including these facts in your essay, you will give readers a good idea of what it is that you are writing about.For instance, if you are writing an essay on Italian food, then you will want to find out more about the different cultural influences that have influenced the different dishes. Also, learn more about the ways in which different countries treat their restaurants. By knowing the background behind your topic, you will be able to write a well-written essay. Finally, the statistics that you include in your article will help readers understa nd what has happened in the past in the different countries.There are so many different essay research topics on learning a new language that you can write about. This means that you can come up with essay topics that will challenge your writing skills. Some of the essay topics that you may want to write about include languages, languages, history, culture, holidays, current events, and other topics. As you start writing your essays, you will discover that each subject can be approached from many different angles.Writing an essay on the topic of learning a new language can be a challenge, but it can also be very enjoyable. In order to write a good essay, you need to have the right research topics to choose from. These research topics can then be used to put the information that you want to include in your article together.

Sample Library School Personal Essay - Tips on Writing a Brief Paper

Sample Library School Personal Essay - Tips on Writing a Brief PaperOne of the most important parts of a sample library school personal essay is, of course, the content. The nature of your paper will determine what kind of content you should include. This includes whether you want to explore a particular field, or focus on someone from that field, but you also have to consider how much room you have for that content.The first part of a sample library school personal essay is a discussion of what you have studied. It's a great idea to begin by listing the names of the classes you've attended in a particular subject. This helps show how you have studied a particular area.If you're doing a biography, start by introducing the person you are writing about and what their particular interest is. Find out if they would be interested in a topic or book you're writing about. It might be worth your while to research a little further.You also have to consider the person's life, or background. Wh at kind of things happened in their life? What were some of the ways they responded to them? Ask questions and dig deeper if you like.The second part of a sample library school personal essay is to present what you've learned in a practical sense. How have you benefited from it? Do you think your experience has helped you, or has helped other people?Do not forget to consider what your beliefs are in this section of your personal essay. This is especially true if you're going to talk about a particular subject. If you find yourself saying things that are really controversial, you might want to take a look at how you have said those things, and reconsider the way you write them.Last but not least, be sure to use different types of writing forms in your sample library school personal essay. It can be tempting to write in a traditional format, but it can seem less professional if you do so. Instead, make sure to use an informal form, such as an 'email'phone' form, or something similar.

Introduced Species and Biodiversity

Introduction Biodiversity refers to the sum total of species, ecosystems and genes in a certain location. The term encompasses all spheres of biological systems such as the genetic or molecular sphere, the population sphere, the species, ecosystem and organ spheres, as well. Conversely, an introduced species is one that exists in an area outside of its native region. Usually, humans may bring them into a certain location either intentionally or accidentally.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Introduced Species and Biodiversity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sometimes introduced species may turn invasive and thus cause harm to the native population. The question of introduced species’ effects on biodiversity is a complex one as there is no single consequence of these organisms. Consequently, one must analyse both sides of the debate thoroughly before one can assert that introduced species either are harmful to biodiversity. How introduced species harm biodiversity Conservationists are deeply concerned about introduced species because they threaten the existence of native species. At times, this may occur through direct interactions with the introduced species or through the dependence of other species on the threatened one. When other species depend on the replaced one, then they may loose their habitat, source of food, or mode of reproduction. Eventually, they may also become extinct or endangered. The danger posed by introduced species may occur through various pathways: competition, predation or parasitism, disease, hybridisation, modification of the habitat as well as herbivory. When these phenomena manifest, then they eventually lead to the loss of biodiversity. Studies indicate that introduced species come second to habitat destruction with regard to their threat on native biodiversity. Usually, certain barriers exist in natural environments to allow species to evolve on their o wn. Few of these barriers include mountains, deserts, rivers and ocean. If these barriers did not exist, then it would be quite easy for species to enter new niches and minimise biodiversity in that area. Human beings have contributed adversely to circumvention of these barriers by bringing species, from other areas, for food or commercial purposes. Introduction of species, therefore, accelerates the amount of time needed to broaden a species’ range (Cohen Carlton 1998). The most direct and serious way of reducing biodiversity by introduced species is competition. Non native populations will compete for the same space, nutrients, polluting insects or light as the native ones. In certain circumstances, the introduced species may be better equipped to fight for these resources than the local ones thus outcompeting them. This may lead to the decline of species in such locations. One scenario was the Australian paperback tree, which invaded the US in Florida. The tree had a spon gy bark and flammable leaves that made it better able to utilise resources in its foreign location; this caused adverse competition for numerous native plants. As the Australian paperback kept spreading, more local plants kept reducing. Even other mammals and birds that had adapted to the native plants started declining.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, competition causes biodiversity loss by eliminating organisms that directly compete with the invasive species, and reducing the ones that depend on the first variety. Other examples of introduced plants that have outcompeted local ones include the Australian Caulerpa, which steeled in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as the South American water hyacinth. The North American gray squirrel, which came from Italy and Britain, has a better way of getting nuts than local ones. These indigenous squirrels have less access to resources an d thus fewer chances of survival (Moritz 1999). Sometimes introduced species can become predators or parasites on native populations. These organisms may be too strong for the local ones thus perpetuating their extinction. One such instance was the case of the pacific black rat. It was introduced into Hawaii and attacked the eggs of honeycreepers, which were local Hawaiian birds (Johnson 2003). In fact, several bird species that live in islands have no way of protecting themselves against introduced hunters like the Pacific black rat. The brown tree snake is also a commonly cited example. This species emanated from Admiralty Islands, and was responsible for the eradication of 11 bird types in Guam. The Nile perch has predated upon cichlid fish in East Africa’s Lake Victoria. Approximately 100 species of these organisms have disappeared as a direct result of the Nile Perch’s predatory activities. An example of how introduced species can become parasites is the case of t he Asian chestnut fungus. This species used American chestnut trees as hosts and eventually led to their elimination from most parts of eastern US. Approximately 180 million acres of land lost this species biodiversity. Additionally, almost a dozen moth species depended on the American chestnut trees, so they also became extinct or endangered. Certain introduced species can breed with native organisms and alter the gene pool in the species. Hybridisation affects indigenous populations by creating an offspring that is better adapted to its environment than the local one. As such, the introduced species as well as the hybrid displace the local species into extinction because they have a genetic advantage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Introduced Species and Biodiversity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This form of invasion occurs over a relatively long period of time thus making them seem less dangerous. Rhymer and Simberloff (1996) explain that the seriousness of the phenomenon may not be very evident from direct observation of the morphological traits of the species. Therefore, the scientists used molecular technology in order to study the extent of hybridisation among various species. They argued that gene flow occurs naturally in various settings. However, when hybridisation takes place, then more genes are lost, and at a faster rate than in cases where no introduced species exist. Such foreign species threaten rare species particularly because their gene pools are delicate. This is a process called genetic pollution; other experts called it genetic erosion. When human beings manipulate organisms’ genes for increased yields in agriculture, they eventually, make wild and domestic varieties less common (Wilson 1992). Genetic erosion is a danger to environmental diversity because it minimises the prevalence of rare genotypes. The native Hawaiian duck is adversely affected by intro duced species such as mallards because it has bred with them. Now the duck’s gene pool is bearing more resemblance to the invader; in other words, it has evolved. Another case was hybridisation of the Texas fish with genes from the mosquito fish. Now the Texas fish is regarded as an extinct species whose contribution to biodiversity in the area has been undermined (Naylor et al. 2001). Even the Gula and Apache trout have hybridized with several species in their areas of introduction. In Europe, the white-headed duck has become an endangered species because of hybridisation with the ruddy duck from North America. The white-headed duck is regarded as one of the rarest ducks in the world, yet the ruddy duck’s continual expansions into Europe ruined this (Eildredge 1998). Introduced species can modify habitats as well. They often make their new environments unfavourable to indigenous species, which struggle to adapt and eventually die out. One classic case is the zebra mus sel; the organism had a way of filtering large quantities of water that led to the reduction of planktons in the water. Additionally, because the zebra mussel spreads so quickly, it became so difficult for indigenous populations to survive in these environments. Almost thirty species of freshwater species face extinction in areas inhabited by the zebra mussel. The introduction of Prunus spinosa into Western Europe has substantially altered habitats for the Thecla betulae butterfly. The introduced species came from Eastern Europe, and leafs much faster than the local plants. Not only did the Prunus spinosa endanger the local plants, but also modified the indigenous butterfly’s habitat thus threatening its contribution to biodiversity too (Pimentel et al. 1999).Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Non native species can also spread diseases that harm indigenous populations. A typical scenario was the introduction of a European parasite that led to the prevalence of whirling disease among rainbow trout in the US, Pennsylvania. They disease spread to other regions of the country and diminished rainbow trout in most parts. On occasion, introduced species may not be parasitic or predatory; they may be herbivorous. In this regard, these animals will consume native plant species and thus lead to their elimination. Although many individuals rarely think about these particular animals, the goat has been one of the most threatening organisms to native plant species. When goats came to the Atlantic Island during the 16th century, they ate plenty of local plant species. As a result, 50% of these organisms were lost. Perhaps it is the beneficiary effects of the goats to the human being that make it appear non invasive. However, when one studies this issue from the perspective of the plan t species, then one realises that herbivory can indeed be detrimental to biodiversity (Spicer 2006). How introduced species may not harm biodiversity Bartomeus et al. (2008) carried out research on the effects of invasive plants on the pollinating patterns of the population. Their results contradicted what most conservationists say about introduced species. The scientists found that it was not just the invading population that benefitted, but the local population, as well. Invasive plants may sometimes increase the number of pollinating agents that visit a particular ecosystem. The agents under consideration in this research were insects. It was affirmed that, unlike what floral market analysts claim, more insects increased in that population. Since the introduction of foreign plants in the area of study did not occur in a simple manner, then it was necessary to analyse the competition structure of the respective ecosystem. In this analysis, there were two invasive plants: the prick ly pear type called Opuntia stricata and the balsam or Carpobrotus affine acinaciformis. They both have very attractive flowers that attract more insects than the native populations. Furthermore, because those flowers are also rich in pollen, then more pollinating agents can visit them. The prickly pear type received 30.9% visits from insects while the balsam received 43.4%. The researchers concluded that whenever pollinating resources increase in a community of plants, then more insects will visit the area. Approximately 23 pollinating insects visited the Carpobrotus. Unlike the other invading species, which was an exclusive feeder, this particular insect visited other plant types, including the local ones. Balsma plants can alter reproduction processes in native species because they change reproduction patters in these new areas. Local plants have a better chance of increasing their population when such species enter their niches. This study indicates that not all invasive species are detrimental to the existence of local populations. Some of them can increase the rate at which indigenous organisms reproduce and exist. Some introduced species can also fight pollution when the concerned location becomes unfavourable for other organisms; the Asian oyster is one such example. When introduced into water bodies, it was able to filter out more water pollutants than the native oysters. This was quite beneficial because the water quality in Chesapeake Bay, US had deteriorated adversely. The oyster made the water more habitable for other species by minimising pollution. Even the notorious zebra mussel has some positive effects on water quality. Studies illustrate that water clarity has increase by five or six times in Lake Erie, where the zebra mussel exists. Greater water clarity has emanated from the zebra mussel’s feeding habits; it consumes fertiliser runoff as well as algae. As a result, more light penetrates into the lake thus providing the underground p lants with access to ultraviolet rays needed for survival. Therefore, microphyte beds have returned to the lake in times when they had previously been missing. Part of the reason for their scarcity was the pollution in the lake. The microphyte beds also provide new species of fish with nurseries, which nurture their re-emergence. In line with the above argument is the issue of modifying environment in favour of local populations. The common gorse came into New Zealand from Scotland. It easily adapted to its environment, and fitted in well with the rest of the population. However, it threatened many native plants through competition. In the long run, after eradicating some native plant species, it started providing nurseries for their reestablishment. Introduced species may not necessarily lead to the minimisation of biodiversity if other species enter the ecosystems too (Newcomb 2001). In this regard, when local species are destroyed, then other species may come in to fill the void. This interchange of species can sometimes lead to a greater level of biodiversity in some areas than had existed prior to the extinction of certain species. Nonetheless, the occurrence of this phenomenon has not been explored in as much detail as the reverse phenomenon; that it, extinction of species. In fact some individuals argue that researchers have a tendency to stop at the immediate losses that occur in a certain location. Many of them do not look into the long term implications of invasive species on diversity. Sometimes a certain population may be burdened by invasive species. Consequently, humans may introduce other species as a means of biological control. Here, introduced species may remedy the effects of other harmful species in the area. One such instance is the use of the South American caterpillar moth to control prickly pear cactus in Australia. The latter species came from the Americas, and invaded numerous Australian lands. They seriously affected the ability of l ocal plants to grow and thrive in these locations. It was necessary to introduce an enemy to the invasive species in order to restore biodiversity in the area. An example of such an experiment was the alligator weed in the US, which had come from South America. The weed was a danger to aquatic diversity in the state of Florida owing to its high rate of expansions. Scientists introduced the alligator weed flea beetle to control this population. As a result, the population of the weed radically reduced, and this enhanced biodiversity for other organisms that had been crowded out (Wiedenmann 2000). Nonetheless, for biological control to work, then the natural enemy of the invasive species needs to have a high degree of specificity. The conservationists must do a thorough research of the exclusivity of the species under consideration (Geerat 1991). If it is a general feeder, then it may become dangerous to the local population. The cane toad in Australia was one such example; it was int roduced in the continent as a method of biological control against the Greyback and French cane beetle. Unfortunately, the parties responsible for it did not know that it would feed on other insects in the area. They did not predict that the cane toad would also threaten other local frogs through competition and disease introduction. A number of other carnivorous animals also died from the poison in the cane toads’ parotid glands. The population of tiger snakes, crocodiles, quolls and dogs reduced dramatically when they ate this amphibian. A domino effect can occur when a biological agent’s full effect on the ecosystem s not well understood. Another scenario of biological control gone wrong is the Rhinocyllus conicus. This weevil was supposed to minimise the Canadian and Musk thistles. The latter introduced species had threatened local plant species extensively. The weevil turned on native plants that were an important source of food to local insects. Consequently, not only did the local plants face the threat of extinction, but so did other insects that depended on the thistles. Eventually, this has a negative effect on the biodiversity of the place. Introduced species can also improve biodiversity in an area when they are brought for conservation purposes. In such scenarios, a species may be in danger of extinction. Therefore, environmentalists may take it upon themselves to introduce those new species to the same locations that they existed before. Although introduction of the invasive species may have caused the problem in the past, it can also contribute to the prevalence of a higher native population of species. Cases of native restoration include the introduction of the Red Kite in Scotland and England. Wolves were also introduced in Yellowstone National Park within the US after their numbers were reduced dramatically. Additionally, some individuals take it upon themselves to plant trees in their personal properties that match the local po pulation. Reintroducing endangered species works by expanding the gene pool of threatened animals. Many of these genes may be highly concentrated in one area but not prevalent in another. It thus becomes necessary to translocate them to the depleted gene pool in order to restore their numbers. In other instances, the elimination of introduced species may be more of a political battle than an environmental one. In this case, it mirrors xenophobia or ethnic hatred. The attitude towards all things foreign is sometimes transplanted in botany or other areas of nature conservation. Well known writers, such as Nellie Doubleday, have reflected these ideologies in their writings about natural landscapes. He asserted that American plant life needed to reflect the racial temperament of the country. Therefore, styles of gardening inevitably demonstrate this perspective. Another landscaper called Jens Jensen explained that the landscape environment he was creating needed to reflect the racial tr aits of the US. They needed to be devoid of non American influences such a Latin or Oriental mixes. He claimed that plant types that borrowed from these influences were ruining the American character. Furthermore, he added that Latin elements were always spoilers (Simberloff 2003). While such attitudes were quite strong in the early twentieth century, their influences still exist today. Journalists, researchers and other stakeholders appear to be interested in causing mass hysteria regarding introduced species. For instance algae may be described as ‘killer algae’ while rats may be called ‘giants’. All these words create fear in the masses and propel the government to make laws that support xenophobic tendencies (Gobster 2005). Sometimes the focus is always on the commercial industries and few arguments dwell on indigenous biodiversity. Several stakeholders may assume that all introduced species are harmful unless proven others. Consequently, one can realis e that in certain circumstances intolerance to all things foreign determines people’s reaction to invasive species rather than their actual harm Conclusion An analysis of the issue illustrates that although introduced species have certain benefits, they appear to cause more harm than good to biodiversity. They cause competition and modify habitats for local species. Additionally, they may become parasitic or predatory on certain organisms. On top of that, some hybridize and cause diseases among indigenous species. The purported benefits of introduced species are questionable because when used as biological agents, they may turn on other vulnerable organisms. Additionally, those introduced species that fight pollution or modify habitats for the benefit of other organisms, also destroy it for others; the net outcome is negative. Therefore, introduced species may have a lot of commercial value, but their harmful effects on biodiversity are too much to ignore. References Bartomeu s, I Santamaria, L Vila, M 2008, ‘Contrasting effects of invasive plants in plant pollinator networks’, Oecologia Journal, vol. 155 no.4, pp. 761-770. Cohen, A Carlton, J 1998, ‘Accelerating invasion rate in a highly invaded estuary’, Science Journal, vol. 279 pp. 555-558. Geerat, V 1991, ‘When Biotas meet: Understanding biotic interchange’, Science Journal, vol. 253 no. 5024, pp. 69-99. Eildredge, N 1998, Life in the balance: Humanity and biodiversity crisis, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Gobster, P 2005, ‘Invasive species as ecological threat: Is restoration an alternative to fear-based resource management?’, Ecological Restoration Journal, vol. 23 no. 4, pp. 262-270 Johnson, T 2003, Invasive species, Burlington Free Press, New York. Moritz, C 1999, Conservation units and translocations: Strategies for conserving evolutionary processes’, Hereditas Journal, vol. 130, pp. 45-52. Naylor, R Williams, S Strong, D 20 01, ‘Aquaculture: A gateway for exotic species’, Science Journal, vol. 294, pp. 1655-1656. Newcomb, J 2001, ‘Alien species often fit in fine, some scientists contend’, The New York Times, 4 September, p. A8 Pimentel, D, Lach, L, Zuniga, R, Morrison, D. 1999. Environmental and economic costs associated with non-indigenous species in the United States, Cornell University Press, New York. Rhymer, J Simberloff, D 1996, ‘Extinction by hybridisation and introgression’, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol. 27, pp. 83-109. Simberloff, D 2003, ‘Confronting introduced species: a form of xenophobia?’, Biological Invasions, vol. 5, pp. 179-192. Spicer. J 2006, Biodiversity: Oneworld Publications, Chicago. Wilson, E 1992, The Diversity of Life, Harvard University Press, Harvard. Wiedenmann, R 2000, Introduction to biological control, https://illinois.edu/ This essay on Introduced Species and Biodiversity was written and submitted by user Marcus U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cinco De Mayo and the Battle of Puebla

Cinco De Mayo and the Battle of Puebla Cinco de Mayo is a Mexican holiday which celebrates the victory over French forces on May 5, 1862,​ at the Battle of Puebla. It is often mistakenly thought to be Mexico’s Independence Day, which is actually September 16. More of an emotional victory than a military one, to Mexicans the Battle of Puebla represents Mexican resolve and bravery in the face of an overwhelming foe. The Reform War The Battle of Puebla was not an isolated incident: there is a long and complicated history that led up to it. In 1857, the â€Å"Reform War† broke out in Mexico. It was a civil war and it pitted Liberals (who believed in separation of church and state and freedom of religion) against the Conservatives (who favored a tight bond between the Roman Catholic Church and the Mexican State). This brutal, bloody war left the nation in shambles and bankrupt. When the war was over in 1861, Mexican President Benito Juarez suspended all payment of foreign debt: Mexico simply did not have any money. Foreign Intervention This angered Great Britain, Spain, and France, countries which were owed a great deal of money. The three nations agreed to work together to force Mexico to pay. The United States, which had considered Latin America its â€Å"backyard† since the Monroe Doctrine (1823), was going through a Civil War of its own and in no position to do anything about European intervention in Mexico. In December 1861 armed forces of the three nations arrived off the coast of Veracruz and landed a month later, in January 1862. Desperate last-minute diplomatic efforts by the Juarez administration persuaded Britain and Spain that a war that would further devastate the Mexican economy was in no one’s interest, and Spanish and British forces left with a  promise of future payment. France, however, was unconvinced and French forces remained on Mexican soil. French March on Mexico City French forces captured the city of Campeche on February 27 and reinforcements from France arrived soon after. By early March, France’s modern military machine had an efficient army in place, poised to capture Mexico City. Under the command of the Count of Lorencez, a veteran of the Crimean War, the French Army set out for Mexico City. When they reached Orizaba, they held up for a while, as many of their troops had become ill. Meanwhile, an army of Mexican regulars under the command of 33-year-old Ignacio Zaragoza marched to meet him. The Mexican Army was about 4,500 men strong: the French numbered approximately 6,000 and were much better armed and equipped than the Mexicans. The Mexicans occupied the city of Puebla and its two forts, Loreto and Guadalupe. French Attack On the morning of May 5, Lorencez moved to attack. He believed that Puebla would fall easily: his incorrect information suggested that the garrison was much smaller than it really was and that the people of Puebla would surrender easily rather than risk much damage to their city. He decided on a direct assault, ordering his men to concentrate on the strongest part of the defense: Guadalupe fortress, which stood on a hill overlooking the city. He believed that once his men had taken the fort and had a clear line to the city, the people of Puebla would be demoralized and would surrender quickly. Attacking the fortress directly would prove a major mistake. Lorencez moved his artillery into position and by noon had begun shelling Mexican defensive positions. He ordered his infantry to attack three times: each time they were repulsed by the Mexicans. The Mexicans were almost overrun by these assaults, but bravely held their lines and defended the forts. By the third attack, the French artillery was running out of shells and therefore the final assault was unsupported by artillery. French Retreat The third wave of French infantry was forced to retreat. It had begun to rain, and the foot troops were moving slowly. With no fear of the French artillery, Zaragoza ordered his cavalry to attack the retreating French troops. What had been an orderly retreat became a rout, and Mexican regulars streamed out of the forts to pursue their foes. Lorencez was forced to move the survivors to a distant position and Zaragoza called his men back to Puebla. At this point in the battle, a young general named  Porfirio Dà ­az  made a name for himself, leading a cavalry attack. â€Å"The National Arms Have Covered Themselves in Glory† It was a sound defeat for the French. Estimates place French casualties around 460 dead with almost that many wounded, while only 83 Mexicans were killed. Lorencez’s  quick retreat prevented the defeat from becoming a disaster, but  still, the battle became a huge morale-booster for the Mexicans. Zaragoza sent a message to Mexico City, famously declaring â€Å"Las  armas  nacionales  se  han  cubierto  de  gloria† or â€Å"The national arms (weapons) have covered themselves in glory.† In Mexico City, President Juarez declared May 5th a national holiday in remembrance of the battle. Aftermath The Battle of Puebla was not very important to Mexico from a military standpoint. Lorencez was allowed to retreat and hold onto the towns he had already captured. Soon after the battle, France sent 27,000 troops to Mexico under a new commander, Elie Frederic Forey. This massive force was well beyond anything the Mexicans could resist, and it swept into Mexico City in June of 1863. On the way, they besieged and captured Puebla. The French installed  Maximilian of Austria, a young Austrian nobleman, as Emperor of Mexico. Maximilian’s reign lasted until  1867 when President Juarez was able to drive the French out and restore the Mexican government. Young General Zaragoza died of typhoid not long after the Battle of Puebla. Although the Battle of Puebla amounted to little from a military sense   it merely postponed the inevitable victory of the French army, which was larger, better trained and better equipped than the Mexicans it nevertheless meant a great deal to Mexico in terms of pride and hope. It showed them that the mighty French war machine was not invulnerable, and that determination and courage were powerful weapons. The victory was a huge boost to  Benito Juarez  and his government. It allowed him to hold onto power at a time when he was in danger of losing it, and it was Juarez who eventually led his people to victory against the French in 1867. The battle also marks the arrival on the political scene of Porfirio Dà ­az, then a brash young general who disobeyed Zaragoza in order to chase down fleeing French troops. Dà ­az would eventually get a lot of the credit for the victory and he used his new fame to run for president against Jurez. Although he lost, he would eventually reach the presidency and  lead his nation for many years.

Quiz on Plant Biotechnology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quiz on Plant Biotechnology - Assignment Example In the gene gun (biolistics) method for plant transformation, the DNA is coated specifically on gold particles, so that the gold particles can impact on the Petri-dish, to introduce an interruption of the gel and the callus, so that they are eventually separated from the main DNA components that are within the DNA particle suspension. This disruption is then followed by the migration of the DNA into a plant chromosome derived from the leave, and gets integrated to establish newly genetically modified plant cells, which are then incubated at the right cell growth chambers, to allow the transgenic cells to grow (Clark, n.p.). A reporter gene is the gene that is used to replace the coding region of a DNA sequence, so that it can prevent the normal protein component that is normally fixed in that spot within the gene sequence from attaching at the spot (Plant transformation methods, n.p.). This prevention creates an opportunity for the intended gene to take the spot of the original prote in that needs to be replaced in the gene sequence, eventually producing a new sequence that has the reporter gene as part of the new sequence. ... he ease of introducing a foreign DNA component into an existing plant cell, without the complexity of the process to be followed, which would then introduce more errors, and hinder the successful completion of the process (Clark, n.p.). Secondly, the delivery system should be efficient, meaning that it should consume the least time possible to complete the whole process, considering that the delayed and prolonged process of introducing the foreign gene into an existing plant cell might result to ineffective transformation (Plant transformation methods, n.p.). Finally, the delivery system should be economical both in terms of time and resources consumed, considering that the plant transformation process is a timed process, where there are stipulated time schedules which the process should consume in different stages, being economical in time and resources is key to ensuring that the process is completed within the scheduled time and resource frame. The difference between stable and tr ansient plant transformation is that; in stable plant transformation, the foreign DNA that is introduced is integrated into the plant genome. However, in transient transformation, the foreign DNA that is introduced into the plant is not integrated into the plant genome, and thus the transgenic construct is eventually diluted, and then it is completely lost over time (Plant transformation methods, n.p.). Stable transformation is suitable for application in a situation where there is need to increase the DNA quantity and competence, considering that stable transformation entails the introduction of naked DNA to allow for exogenous uptake of DNA from the environment (Clark, n.p.). On the other hand, transient transformation can be applied where there is no great need for high quantity DNA, and

Individual Report and Reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Report and Reflection - Coursework Example The reflection portion would proffer personal opinion about the experience gained from the small business endeavour and how one would benefit from it in the future. One’s group which is composed of five members decided to choose Salah Adden mosque and sell tradition product from Saudi Arabia which is (subha). The purpose of the small business is to earn moray for donation to a chosen charity and enable making some reforms in the Salah Adden mosque. The report would be structured by initially discussing the planning phase where the profile of the charity event was organized and decided on. Intricate details were eventually noted to incorporate pre-event marketing information like the 4Is applied in the project; operational details; clearly defined objectives and group goals; market research; and the relationship to various stakeholders. The outcome of the event would also be revealed in terms of the financial performance and the lessons learned from the experience. Profile of t he Charity and the Community Involved The chosen charity as beneficiary for the proceeds of the subha sales is the Salah Adden mosque located in central London. ... served by friends included praying five times a day on the mosque and would therefore enable the group to facilitate contact and correspondences with authorized mosque personnel to implement the charity and donation and monitor the changes on the proposed improvements, as indicated. In this regard, the objectives and goals of the group and of the event are as follows: Group Objectives: To organize and implement a fundraising event through buying and selling of Muslim prayer beads (subha) and donate the proceeds from the sales to the Salah Adden mosque. The proceeds are proposed to be spent on carpets and adding more shelves on the mosque’s furniture and fixtures. How the Activity/Event Evolved, Planned and Promoted How the Fundraising Idea Evolved: The group has initially agreed on selling a particular product to raise funds for donation to the Salah Adden mosque. Each member in the group gave an idea about proposed products to sell. One member suggested selling some cake and drink; while another member said it would be better to sell stationary to address the students’ needs. Finally, from the suggested product list, the group decided to sell Subha, prayer beads for Muslim people for the reason that it is unique and the target customers would be interested in it. The proposed target market is the Muslim students of the University. The Planning Phase: The planning phase included the development of the business plan (Annex A) and a market research. The market research required application of the 4Ps theory where details of the product, price, place and promotions would be closely evaluated, strategies designed and explicitly stated for clarity of direction in implementation (Carter and Jones-Evans, 2006; Nwankwo and Gbadamosi, 2011). The brief market research